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Skvortsov
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Prepod
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Дата
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31.08.2020 17:36:57
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Рубрики
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1917-1939;
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Вы мне хамите, а сами глупость написали.
>>>В межвоенной Индии имелась национальная банковская система, не связанная с британским банковским капиталом? Британский банковский капитал до ВМВ доминировал в Индии тотально. Наличие или отсуствие национальной буржуазии на прибылях британских банков никак не сказывалось.Это и есть финансовый капитализм.
>>
>>The Imperial Bank of India came into existence on 27 January 1921 through the reorganisation and amalgamation of the three Presidency Banks of colonial India into a single banking entity. The decision of his majesty's government was certainly influenced by the 1912 book "Indian Currency and Finance" authored by John Maynard Keynes.[1] The Presidency Banks were the Bank of Bengal, established on 2 June 1806, the Bank of Bombay (incorporated on 15 April 1840), and the Bank of Madras (incorporated on 1 July 1843). The Imperial Bank was 80% privately owned while the rest were owned by the state.
>Имперский банк это объединение банков, созданных британцами еще во времена Ост-Индской компании.
Особенность Presidency Banks: невозможность получить займы извне Индии и платить % по депозитам за пределы Индии.
Put very briefly, the principal restrictions imposed on them under the Presidency Banks Act of 1876,and in force at the time of the amalgamation, prohibited them from conducting foreign exchange business, from borrowing or receiving deposits payable out of India.
На июнь 1921 банковская система Индии:
The money market and banking system of India comprises,
as Mr. Keynes explained, the following as its four main
constituents:
(i) The Presidency Banks, which have now been amalgamated into the new Imperial Bank;
(ii) the European Exchange Banks;
(iii) the Indian Joint Stock Banks; and
(iv) the shroffs, mahajanns, chettis and other private bankers
and money-lenders.
As Mr. Keynes went on to say, the first two of these constitute
generally what he terms the European money market, and the
rest the Indian money market-the more substantial Indian
Joint Stock Banks occupying perhaps an intermediate position.
The Exchange Banks, though their operations are not
limited to India, play a most important part in Indian trade.
The nature of their business is generally known, and does not,
therefore, call for any detailed description here. But it may be
said that their activities in regard to Indian trade are largely
bound up in the financing of foreign commerce at the sea-ports.
Like other banks, they receive deposits in India and, indeed, seek
to attract these in order to obtain the funds required for the
purchase (or discount) of 'export bills of exchang
The Indian Joint Stock Banks, which now number ninety-
five with 230 branches, include a certain number of substantial
institutions conducted on modern lines; many of them are,
however, very small concerns, only twenty-four of them having
a capital of Rs,5 lakhs or over. In the few years previous to 1913,
there had been a remarkable expansion of joint-stock banking in
India, particularly in the Punjab, where, owing to the opening
of the canal colonies and the growth of the export trade in wheat,
there was a good deal of accumulated wealth. Many of the
banks then started were conducted on unsound lines and without
regard to the ordinary first principles of prudent banking, with
the inevitable result. In 1913-14 no less than fifty-four Indian
managed banks with a total paid-up capital of Rs.144 lakhs went
into liquidation. Since then the annual liquidations have been
of small mushroom banks, and the larger Indian banks now in
existence are probably sound and well managed.